There are many different combinations of technologies that can be used to build a web application, and these combinations are often referred to as “stacks”. Some common web development stacks include:

• LAMP stack: Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP
• MEAN stack: MongoDB, Express.js, Angular, Node.js
• MERN stack: MongoDB, Express.js, React, Node.js
• Java stack: Java, Spring, Hibernate, Maven
• Ruby on Rails stack: Ruby, Rails, PostgreSQL
• Django stack: Python, Django, PostgreSQL
• LEMP stack: Similar to the LAMP stack, but uses the Nginx web server instead of Apache.
• MEVN stack: Similar to the MEAN stack, but uses Vue.js instead of AngularJS for the front-end JavaScript framework.
• Elixir/Phoenix stack: Uses the Elixir programming language and Phoenix web framework, which are built on the Erlang virtual machine.
• Flask/Django stack: Uses the Flask web framework, which is a lightweight, minimalist web framework for Python, instead of Django.
• Meteor stack: Uses the Meteor JavaScript framework, which is a full-stack framework that allows for real-time updates and a reactive user interface.
• Express/Koa stack: Uses the Express or Koa web frameworks, which are minimalistic, unopinionated web frameworks for Node.js

These are just a few examples, and there are many other possible stacks that can be used for web development. The specific stack that is right for your project will depend on a variety of factors, including the requirements of the project, the skills of the development team, and the preferences of the organization.

About market share of each stacks

It’s difficult to say exactly what the market share is for each of these stacks, as it can vary widely depending on the region, industry, and size of the company. Some general trends that can be observed include:

• LAMP is a very popular stack, especially for smaller organizations and startups, due to the widespread availability of cheap hosting options that support it.
• MEAN and MERN are becoming increasingly popular due to the popularity of JavaScript and the ability to build full-stack applications using these technologies.
• Java is a very popular language and is used in a wide variety of applications, including web applications.
• Ruby on Rails is a popular choice for startups and smaller organizations due to its emphasis on convention over configuration and its ability to allow developers to build applications quickly.
• Django is a popular choice for Python web development, and is used by many large companies and organizations.

It’s worth noting that the market share of these stacks is constantly evolving, and it’s not uncommon for developers to use a combination of different technologies depending on the needs of the project.

Speed

The speed of a web application can be affected by a variety of factors, including the hardware it is running on, the efficiency of the code, the number of users, and the complexity of the application. It’s not really accurate to say that one stack is “faster” than another, as the performance of a particular stack will depend on how it is implemented.

That being said, there are some general trends that can be observed:

• In general, web applications that are built using a server-side language (such as PHP, Java, or Python) and a database (such as MySQL or PostgreSQL) will tend to be faster than those built entirely in JavaScript, as the server-side language can handle some of the more CPU-intensive tasks.
• Applications that are built using a framework (such as Django, Ruby on Rails, or Spring) can also be faster, as these frameworks provide pre-built solutions for common tasks and can help developers avoid reinventing the wheel.
• Applications that are optimized for performance, such as those that use caching and other optimization techniques, will tend to be faster than those that are not optimized.

Again, it’s important to note that these are just general trends, and the actual performance of a particular stack will depend on how it is implemented and used.

Recommendations of Stacks for Web-based Simulations

It’s hard to recommend a specific stack for a web-based simulation without knowing more about the specific requirements and constraints of the project. That being said, here are a few general recommendations:

• If the simulation needs to be highly interactive and have a smooth user experience, you may want to consider using a stack that includes a frontend JavaScript framework such as React or Angular. These frameworks are designed to build user interfaces and can help create a more responsive and interactive simulation.
• If the simulation requires a lot of CPU-intensive calculations or other back-end processing, you may want to consider using a stack with a server-side language such as Java or Python. These languages are well-suited to handle complex computations and can be more efficient than JavaScript for these types of tasks.
• If the simulation needs to be able to scale to a large number of users, you may want to consider using a stack that is designed for horizontal scaling, such as a MEAN or MERN stack. These stacks use technologies such as Node.js and MongoDB, which are designed to be horizontally scalable and can handle a large number of concurrent users.

Ultimately, the best stack for your web-based simulation will depend on the specific requirements and constraints of the project, as well as the skills and experience of the development team. It may be helpful to do some research and experimentation to determine the best stack for your needs.

If you want to use simulation tools based on C++, you have a few options for integrating them into a web application. One possibility is to use a web framework that can interface with C++, such as Wt (Web Toolkit). Wt is a C++ library that allows you to build web applications using native C++ code, and includes features such as a widget set, a JSON parser, and support for interacting with databases.

Another possibility is to use a web framework that can call out to C++ libraries or executables as needed. For example, you could use a framework such as Django (Python) or Ruby on Rails (Ruby) to build the web application, and then use a system call or a foreign function interface to execute the C++ simulation code when needed.

Alternatively, you could build the web application using a JavaScript-based stack (such as MEAN or MERN), and then use something like Emscripten to compile the C++ simulation code to JavaScript, which could be run in the browser.

Ultimately, the best approach will depend on the specific requirements and constraints of the project, as well as the skills and experience of the development team. It may be helpful to do some research and experimentation to determine the best approach for your needs.